Python Tutorial 36 --- "Creating our first Class(OOPS1)"

 Python Tutorial 36 --- "Creating our first Class(OOPS1)"

Let's begin our Learning:

As procedure-oriented programming focuses on functions, object-oriented programming stresses on objects. An object is simply a collection of data and methods and a class is a blueprint for that object. We have already discussed the OOP in Python in the previous Classes & Objects(OOPS) tutorial. This tutorial is based on creating objects and classes. 

Defining a Class in Python

Like function, definitions begin with the keyword def, class begins with a class keyword.

class MyClass:
    '''This is a docstring.'''
    pass

A class is a blueprint from which objects are created. Creating a new class creates a new type of object which allows the new instances of that type to be made. Each class instance has attributes attached so that it could maintain its state. Class instances can also have methods that are defined by its class for modifying its state. 

Let us understand the concept of class through an example. Suppose we have to create a program that requires the data of all the individuals in a school. We will create three different classes, one for students, one for teaching staff, and one for accounting officers and others. The separation of the class is based on attributes because a teacher’s attributes are different from students, and both have different attributes from the members of account officers. Although many attributes are the same, such as name, age, address, etc. but the teacher also has an attribute salary that the student does not or an attribute, number of classes that the accounts officers do not possess. So, now we have an understanding of how and on what basis we form different classes.  

Classes are not like function, so we do not have to use the keyword define to create a class; instead, we use the keyword Class along with the name of the class. Also, we do not call a class as a whole; instead, we use an object to access its different attributes. We can assign new values and can also overwrite the previous values with the help of an object. In short, an object gives us permission to access the whole class. We can access variables in a class, like:

Object_name.variable_name = “abc”

Here we are setting a variable equal to abc. By doing this it's previous value will be overwritten.

Creating Object:

           Creating an object of a class is rather easy and simple. Suppose we have a class named Student. We can create an object of it by these certain lines of code:

Stu1 = Student()
Stu2 = Student()

Here we have created two objects of class Student. We can access every item in student using these objects. There is no restriction on the number of objects a class may have, and also there is no limit to the number of classes a program may have.

An object consists of :

  •  The State, which is represented by attributes of an object which reflects the properties of an object.
  •  Methods of an object, which represents the behavior of the object and the response of an object with other objects.
  •  Identity, which gives a unique name to an object, so that one object can interact with other objects.

CODE---

# Creating Our First Class In Python

class Student:
    pass

Saswata = Student()
Tanmoy = Student()
Ritam = Student()
Saswata.name = "Saswata"
Tanmoy.std = 12
Ritam.sec = "B"
Saswata.subs = ["Bengali", "English", "Maths", "Bios"]
print(Saswata.name, Saswata.subs,Tanmoy.std, Ritam.sec)

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Python Tutorial 38 --- "Self & __init__() (Constructors)(OOPS 3)"

 Python Tutorial 38 --- "Self & __init__() (Constructors)(OOPS 3)" Doc --- In this tutorial, we will be discussing methods and constructors in detail. If you are familiar with any other object-oriented programming language, then the concept will be easy for you to grasp. So, let us begin with the Method. Method: A method is just like a function, with a  def  keyword and a single parameter in which the name of the object has to be passed. The purpose of the method is to show all the details related to the object in a single go. We choose variables that we want the method to take but do not have to pass all of them as parameters. Instead, we have to set the parameters we want to include in the method during its creation. Using methods make the process simpler and a lot faster.  Self keyword: The self keyword is used in the method to refer to the instance of the current class we are using. The self keyword is passed as a parameter explicitly every time we define a method. de
Read more

Python Exercise 7 --- "Snake, Water, Gun"

 Python Exercise 7 --- "Snake, Water, Gun" Today's task for you guys will be to develop your first-ever Python game i.e.,  "Snake Water Gun." (Just like --- Rock, Paper, Scissor) Most of you must already be familiar with the game. Still, I will provide you with a brief description. This is a two-player game where each player chooses one object.  As we know, there are three objects, snake, water, and gun. So, the result will be  Snake vs. Water: Snake drinks the water hence wins. Water vs. Gun: The gun will drown in water, hence a point for water Gun vs. Snake: Gun will kill the snake and win. In situations where both players choose the same object, the result will be a draw. Now moving on to instructions: You have to use a random choice function that we studied in tutorial #38, to select between, snake, water, and gun. You do not have to use a print statement in case of the above function. Then you have to give input from your side. After getting ten consecutive
Read more

Python Tutorial 24 --- "Using Python External & Built In Modules"

Python Tutorial 24 ---   "Using Python External & Built In Modules" DOC: In Python, a module can be defined as a file containing a runnable python code.  The extension used by modules in Python is .py.  Hence any simple file containing Python code can be considered a module if its extension is .py. The file and module names are the same; hence we can call a module only by name without using the extension. Along with this, a module can define functions, classes, and variables. There are two types of modules. Built-in External Built-in Modules:             Built-in modules are already installed in Python by default. We can import a module in Python by using the import statement along with the specific module name. We can also access the built-in module files and can read the Python code present in them. Newly integrated modules are added in Python witch each update.  Some important modules names are as follows Modules Names Purpose calendar used in case we are working with
Read more